The Future For Microplankton In The Baltic Sea
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Feature papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. A FeaturePaper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook forfuture research directions and describes possible research applications.
The multitude of environmental factors and complex interactions between trophic levels affected by climate change hamper qualified predictions on the future biomass and composition of phytoplankton in the Baltic Sea Proper, and on the success of various cyanobacterial groups. To start disentangling these complex interactions, we performed a bi-factorial experiment with a microplanktonic Baltic Sea community and inoculated strains of key diazotrophic filamentous cyanobacteria. Hereby, we aimed to (1) test the resistance of a natural spring bloom community, in terms of biovolume and species composition, to increased temperature and elevated pCO2, and (2) test the potential of diazotrophic filamentous cyanobacteria to compete with the natural spring bloom community under predicted future conditions.
pCO2 was derived from pHT, AT, temperature, salinity (6.6 throughout the experiment), inorganic phosphate and silicate concentration using CO2SYS (Pierrot et al. 2006). Data are presented for each treatment and controls (390 μatm/970 μatm for pHT, AT and pCO2, and 1C/4C for temperature). Controls represent aquaria incubated without the addition of any microplankton. Standard deviation is included when available, n=3.
Manipulations of the carbonate system using air bubbling to mimic future climate change scenarios have previously been used successfully (Gattuso et al. 2010, Karlberg and Wulff 2013, Torstensson et al. 2013, 2015, Wulff et al. 2018). A pH difference was established from day 3 onwards, even though specific pCO2 values are difficult to control because pCO2 also varies with photosynthesis and respiration rates (Wulff et al. 2018). Nevertheless, no effects of elevated pCO2 were found on the filamentous cyanobacteria. These results are consistent with some previous studies (Paul et al. 2016, Wulff et al. 2018), while others show increased growth (Wannicke et al. 2012, Eichner et al. 2014). Also, filamentous cyanobacteria are known to cope with daily fluctuations in pH measured both in aggregates (Ploug 2008) and in situ conditions (Wulff et al. 2018).
Further, predator-prey interactions in the plankton in relation to changes in abiotic conditions (e.g. temperature, light, nutrients) are major topics during my past and present research. Core questions of my current work is how climate change (global warming and ocean acidification) affects plankton diversity and marine food webs. While my main emphasis was originally on temperate marine ecosystems, the responses of plankton communities to future ocean conditions at low and high latitude regions are important aspects of my past and present research activities.
Approaches addressed range from field surveys to experimental marine ecology. To simulate future ocean conditions, small-scale laboratory experiments or large-scale indoor or outdoor mesocosms are set-up. The aim is to create near-natural conditions by using e.g. natural plankton communities and applying different stressors to the system (e.g. changes in temperature, pH, salinity, light or nutrients).
I never experienced the benefit of attending a conference having goals directed at assisting early career marine scientists, and providing networking experiences with scientific peers. I'm convinced from feedback from participants to earlier PICES-ICES ECS meetings (Baltimore and Mallorca) that those that attend the Busan, Korea conference in 2017 will find the friendships and science experienced to have long-lasting impacts on their future marine science careers.
The effects of anthropogenic warming on the global population of phytoplankton is an area of active research. Changes in the vertical stratification of the water column, the rate of temperature-dependent biological reactions, and the atmospheric supply of nutrients are expected to have important impacts on future phytoplankton productivity.[66] Additionally, changes in the mortality of phytoplankton due to rates of zooplankton grazing may be significant. 59ce067264
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